The 2021 Broadcast

 

Victoria Jones/Getty images

Location:  Windsor Castle

Produced by:  ITN

Theme:

In a highly personal Message, Queen Elizabeth II pays tribute to her late husband, the Duke of Edinburgh, who had died the previous April.  Her Majesty acknowledges that this year she particularly understands how difficult it is at Christmas for those who have lost loved ones and how she has drawn comfort from the public response to Prince Philip's death.  The Queen praises the Duke's service and humour and speaks of how the royal family will miss his 'mischievous twinkle', yet concedes: 'But life, of course, consists of final partings as well as first meetings; and as much as I and my family miss him, I know he would want us to enjoy Christmas.'  Elizabeth II says that the family will find 'joy' in Christmas even 'with one familiar laugh missing this year'.

More positively, the Queen looks ahead to her upcoming Platinum Jubilee year and the 2022 Commonwealth Games, as well as reflecting on the 'wonder' of the Christmas story through the eyes of young children.

Commentary:

2021 was a dreadful year for Elizabeth II.  The death of her beloved husband of seventy-three years;  ongoing negative publicity surrounding the Dukes of York and Sussex;  her numerous reported health problems after so many healthy years - a back problem at Balmoral forcing her to give up riding;  cutting back on alcohol for health reasons; being seen using a walking stick in public 'for comfort' on two occasions  for the first time since her knee operations of the early 2000s; being ordered to rest by doctors for several weeks following a brief hospitalisation for an undisclosed ailment; then being forced to miss her Remembrance Sunday appearance at the Cenotaph in November due to a back injury - and at the end of all that, Her Majesty felt compelled to cancel her planned family Christmas at Sandringham because of ongoing uncertainty and chaos due to the British Government's approach towards Covid restrictions and the Omicron variant spreading in the UK.

However, the Queen does not dwell on her other problems and it is the late Duke of Edinburgh who takes centre stage in one of Her Majesty's most poignant Christmas Messages to date.  There might be a slight air of fragility around an Elizabeth II who is now the last remaining senior royal of her generation, but the Queen appears reassuringly well and largely unchanged from the previous year's Broadcast.   Seldom have we seen Her Majesty use such personal phrases as 'my beloved Philip' or 'that mischievous, enquiring twinkle was as bright at the end as when I first set eyes on him.'  Her Majesty seems to speak in even more emotional terms than in her 2002 speech - the year her mother and sister died just month before her Golden Jubilee commemorations were due to start.  Indeed, the Monarch's personal tone was much commented on in the press.

In addition to the affectionate tributes in the text of the message, the Duke of Edinburgh also has a visible presence in the Broadcast.  Dressed in festive red for the first time in a decade, the Queen also wears her Sapphire Chrysanthemum Brooch which has many associations with her husband.  Her Majesty famously wore it on her honeymoon pictures in 1947, at the christening of her second child Princess Anne and numerous other occasions in Prince Philip's presence.  Elizabeth II also wears the brooch in the photograph at her side, where she is pictured with the Duke of Edinburgh in 2007 in a photograph (a re-creation of the honeymoon pictures) taken by Fiona Hanson to mark their Diamond Wedding.

The production rota reverted to ITN, who produced their first Christmas Broadcast since 2016.  The Queen speaks from the White Drawing Room of Windsor Castle (last used as the location of a Christmas Broadcast in 1997). The 'set' is rather more luxurious than the previous year's pared-down 'lockdown' Message; with more flowers and decorations, better lighting and Her Majesty appears to have had her usual Christmas Broadcast professional 'makeover' (which she does not seem to have had in 2020).  However, there are no 'roaming' camera angles and the Queen is only shown in two shots - wide-angle and close-up.  

 The programme begins with The Central Band of the Royal British Legion playing God Save the Queen in the grounds of Windsor Castle.  A wide-angle shot of the rear of the Castle is shown before a montage of footage and photographs of the Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh is seen, with a voice-over of Elizabeth II praising her husband at their Golden Wedding celebrations in 1997.  The last of these is a close-up of Fiona Hanson's Diamond Wedding photograph at the side of the Queen, before Her Majesty begins her 2021 speech.  The message is interspersed with the customary relevant footage; this year relating to the Duke of Edinburgh Awards Scheme, senior members of the Royal Family (including a brief clip from the Christmas segment of the 1969 Royal Family documentary) and the Commonwealth Games.  As the Queen ends, she quotes a line from the carol O Little Town of Bethlehem to lead into the carol itself being sung inside Windsor Castle's St. George's Hall by the Singology Community Choir.  The closing shot is an impressive view of the rear and gardens of the Castle with bright sunshine behind.

Queen Elizabeth II's 'Cop 26' Message, Windsor Castle, November 2021

  

Notes:

This is the third consecutive Christmas Broadcast to be filmed at Windsor and the sixth consecutive speech to camera by Elizabeth II to be recorded at the Castle.  The Green Drawing Room was used for the previous two Christmas Messages, while the White Drawing Room was used for the three non-Christmas recordings made since April 2020.

There seems to be a 'nod' here to the 1997 Broadcast, twenty-four years earlier.  1997 was the year ITN first produced the Message and was the year the restoration of St. George's Hall was completed following the 1992 fire.  Both the White Drawing Room and St George's Hall were seen in the 1997 Broadcast, as they are here.

This is Queen Elizabeth II's seventieth Christmas Message (including the written Message of 1969) and her sixty-ninth Christmas Broadcast (including seven 'sound only' Broadcasts).

This was Elizabeth II's second 'speech to camera' of 2021.  A video message was shown to the assembled world leaders and dignitaries gathered at the 'COP 26' climate summit in Glasgow, as the Queen was forced to cancel her personal appearance following medical advice.  This message was also recorded in the White Drawing Room of Windsor Castle, though the arrangement of the room is very different.

Instead of the usual selection of ornate antique chairs Her Majesty usually uses for her Christmas Messages, the Queen is seen here seated in a more modern, more comfortable-looking chair.  It appears to be the same chair and cushion used by the Queen in the 'Cop 26' message the previous month (though the cushion's presence is more discrete in the Christmas Broadcast).  The change could be due to the Queen's reported back problems, cited earlier.

In the 2021 Broadcast, Elizabeth II wears her brooch on her right, rather than her left, which she usually does.  A change of this nature is normally only made by the Queen when the design of an outfit requires it, but that is evidently not the case here.  This detail was also noted by The Court Jeweller.  I agree with this blogger that the change is probably to do with the 'framing' of the image - to bring the brooch closer to the photograph where the Queen also wears the Sapphire Chrysanthemum - rather than because of some hidden meaning.  Elizabeth II has only worn a brooch on her right in two previous Messages:  1967 and 1993.

Queen Elizabeth II once again topped the Christmas Day ratings in the United Kingdom with combined viewing figures of 9.1 million.  This is considerably up on the 8.4 million who tuned in the previous year.  Many would have been interested to hear what Her Majesty had to say about the death of her husband, while others would have been curious to see how she appeared following her reported health issues in the autumn.

The Christmas tree in the background is decorated with over one hundred gold and white stars, specially made by children and staff of the Royal School, Windsor.

Full text here

Channel 4 wants to 'air' the Christmas Broadcast. Really?

 

Well, well, well, now there's a turn up.  According to reports Channel 4, that most Left-leaning and near-subversive of British television networks, is keen to 'air' the Queen's Christmas speech.  Following the Royal Family's well-publicised fall-out with the BBC over its recent documentary The Princes and the Press, relations between the Palace and the publicly funded broadcaster - which have never been quite the same since the infamous Martin Bashir interview with Diana, Princess of Wales in 1995 - are at an all-time low and, according to an insider, Channel 4 have spotted an opportunity to produce the annual Message: ' they've made it clear they would like to film the speech this year — especially if the Royals punish the Beeb and withdraw their rights, although that does seem unlikely. But the Royal family have shown they have backbone and won’t stand for much more nonsense.'  Apparently Channel 4 'would definitely love to show the Queen’s speech this year should the BBC be punished again.'

 Channel 4's interest seems, to say the least, unlikely.  There appears to have been no evident reason in the past why the network would not have been granted permission to air the Broadcast at 3pm on Christmas Day in line with other main and news channels if it had requested to do so.  Instead, Channel 4 has since 1993 courted controversy by airing its own 'alternative' message to rival the Queen on Christmas Day at 3pm.  Last year, C4 even produced a spoof 'deep fake' message from "Queen Elizabeth II" which was considered disingenuous by many and generated more than 200 Ofcom complaints.

It would seem surprising, therefore, if Palace officials were to reach out enthusiastically to this unexpected 'olive branch'.  In any case, Channel 4 will have to wait:  The BBC completed its turn of "back-to-back" Broadcasts in 2020 and rotation reverts to ITV for the next two years - and then onto Sky.  Production of the Message is not due to return to the BBC until 2025.  What kind of relationship the Corporation will have with the Royal Family then remains to be seen.  Still, it is an interesting thought:  what would a Channel 4 produced Royal Christmas Message look like?

Is Windsor Castle now the 'default' location for the Queen's broadcasts?

 

'Cop 26' Message,  Windsor Castle, November 2021

Amidst all the current concern about Queen Elizabeth II's health there was one piece of reassuring information from seasoned royal commentator Robert Hardman.  According to Hardman's sources, plans to record the Christmas Broadcast 'remain unaltered' and 'staff are finalising the location this week.'

The annual Broadcast is one duty that the Queen can perform from 'home'.  It is usually recorded in early December, and as Her Majesty ages its location and timing can be adjusted to suit her.

One interesting question this year is where the Christmas Broadcast will be filmed.  When pre-recording of the annual Christmas Messages began in 1960, the 'default' location moved from Sandringham to Buckingham Palace.  Back in the relative normality of 2018, Elizabeth II recorded the eighth successive Christmas Message from the Palace; indeed, at the time only three of the nineteen productions since the millennium had been recorded elsewhere.

It seemed, therefore, a refreshing change when the 2019 production was filmed at Windsor Castle.  Until that year Windsor had only been used as the location on five previous occasions in Elizabeth II's long reign:  1982, 1984, 1997, 1999 and 2003.  One reason given for neglecting the ancient Castle when choosing recording venues for the annual Broadcast is that Windsor's proximity to Heathrow Airport means that noise from overhead passing aircraft makes sound recording problematic.

Christmas Broadcast 2018; Buckingham Palace

 

Then came the Covid lockdowns of 2020.  Elizabeth II chose to isolate at Windsor with her husband, the Duke of Edinburgh, and one of her first duties that April was to speak to the peoples of the United Kingdom and Commonwealth in a message recorded at the Castle.  Another broadcast followed in May, to commemorate the 75th anniversary of VE-Day:  an event which could not be celebrated in the planned manner due to the restrictions in place.  By Christmas of 2020, the United Kingdom was in lockdown again, and the Queen's festive speech was once more recorded at Windsor Castle in the Green Drawing Room:  the very room where she had recorded her Christmas Broadcast a year earlier in very different circumstances.

In November 2021, Elizabeth II recorded a message to assembled world leaders and dignitaries at the 'Cop26' climate conference in Glasgow.  As is well known, Her Majesty had intended to deliver the speech in person, but was resting at Windsor on doctors' orders following an undisclosed health problem.  What is perhaps less known is that this was the fifth consecutive time that Elizabeth II had recorded a speech to camera at Windsor Castle; meaning that the Queen had made as many broadcasts from the Castle in a period of less than two years as she had done in the first fifty-one years of her reign.  Suddenly, the 'refreshing change' of 2019 looks remarkably ongoing.

It seems likely (assuming that - hopefully - the Queen is well enough to record this year's Christmas Message) that the venue for the 2021 Broadcast will once again be Windsor.  Her Majesty's recent health difficulties and the fact that she has apparently yet to move back to Buckingham Palace in the post-lockdown era would make the Castle the natural choice.  Who knows, by Christmas 2022, when, all being well, the Queen will have celebrated her Platinum Jubilee and will hopefully be restored to her usual health, this blogger may be writing that it is time to move the Christmas Broadcast back to Buckingham Palace for a change!

The 1952 Broadcast

Location:   Sandringham

Produced by:  BBC

Theme:

The new Queen Elizabeth II gives her first Christmas Broadcast exactly twenty years after her grandfather, King George V, delivered the very first Royal Christmas Message in 1932.

Her Majesty pays tribute to her late father King George VI, who had died the previous February, as well as to her grandfather who began the tradition of the annual Broadcast.  While citing their examples, the Queen looks ahead to her Coronation and dedicates herself to a life of service to Britain and the Commonwealth and thanks her Subjects for their support:

'My father, and my grandfather before him, worked all their lives to unite our peoples ever more closely, and to maintain its ideals which were so near to their hearts. I shall strive to carry on their work.

Already you have given me strength to do so. For, since my accession ten months ago, your loyalty and affection have been an immense support and encouragement. I want to take this Christmas Day, my first opportunity, to thank you with all my heart.'

Commentary:

At the age of only twenty-six, Elizabeth II was making her first Broadcast as Queen of the United Kingdom and a diminishing Empire, and as Head of a growing Commonwealth.  As a princess, the young Elizabeth already had experience of broadcasting (one report claimed that she had already made as many as thirty broadcasts) and, unlike her father, was comfortable at the microphone; but this was not only her first Christmas Message, it was her first broadcast as Monarch.

How Princess Elizabeth had ascended to the throne -  in Kenya while representing her father on an overseas tour - is well known.  The poor health of King George VI had been no secret and his medical prognosis was not good, but the young Elizabeth and her husband Prince Philip had hoped that the heavy burden they knew one day must come was still some years away.  The King's death, when it came, had been sudden and unexpected.

When Christmas 1952 arrived, Elizabeth II had been Queen for more than ten months.  Exactly twenty years after King George V had delivered the very first Royal Christmas Message, Her Majesty was the first British monarch to inherit the Christmas Broadcast as an established annual tradition.  Despite the disruption that the presence of a BBC crew would have caused to the Christmas Day of a young wife with two small children, there had been no question that the Message would go ahead as usual.  Details had been confirmed by mid December and Elizabeth II's first broadcast as Queen was eagerly anticipated by the press.

The message from Queen Elizabeth II's speech is one of continuity, both in terms of the tradition of the Christmas Broadcast and as a 'blueprint' for her reign.  As though to emphasise the point, the BBC reported that the Queen, speaking from the study at Sandringham as King George V and King George VI had done, was using the same desk and chair as her father and grandfather before her.  Her Majesty pays tribute to both men, in whom she clearly believes she has been given the perfect example of constitutional monarchy.  The new Queen sees herself as a bridge between the old and the new, defending enduring values while encouraging scientific development and exploration; she considers that she has a duty to promote the Commonwealth, encourage peace between peoples and to remind listeners of the Christian message of the birth of Jesus.  These themes would echo down the decades in her Christmas Broadcasts.

Elizabeth II delivers her speech in a clear, high-pitched voice:  youthful yet self-assured; apparently awed by her new responsibility, but far from overwhelmed.  By the time of her Coronation broadcast six months later the Queen would seem to have grown in the role and her voice had matured noticeably.  The Broadcast was well-received with one report stating:

'The messages have always had two things in common. One has been the frank faith of the Monarch in the power of a Divine Being. The other has been the way in which the Monarch has spoken with parental affection, as to a family, rather than as a ruling sovereign.  Both these notes were struck with new inspiration and with, seemingly, even greater conviction by Her Majesty the Queen in her first Christmas broadcast.'

At the time of writing, almost seventy years have passed since the 1952 Broadcast.  Over the years the tone and the language - and maybe to some extent the Queen's accent - have changed.  Elizabeth II can no longer speak of an Empire, and phrases such as 'my peoples' and 'I give you my affectionate greetings' may seem dated and even condescending in the 2020s.  However, the themes, the essential values and above all Elizabeth II's commitment and sense of duty have remained steadfast and are still evident in the Queen's Christmas Broadcasts today.

  

Notes:

It was announced on this day by the prime minister of New Zealand that the Queen's Christmas Day speech the following year would be delivered from Auckland.

It has been suggested that the BBC had approached Buckingham Palace regarding the possibility of a televised Broadcast as early as the first year of the Queen's reign (Lacey, Royal: Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, 2002).  However, in 1952 only a small minority of people in the United Kingdom - let alone the Commonwealth - possessed a television so such overtures were easily rebuffed.  Many Britons would acquire their first sets in 1953 so that they could watch the Coronation live.  By the mid-1950s it was becoming much more difficult for the Palace to resist the television cameras.

Five years earlier, during a tour of South Africa, the then Princess Elizabeth had made her famous twenty-first birthday broadcast with the often-quoted lines:  'I declare before you all that my whole life, whether it be long or short, shall be devoted to your service and the service of our great Imperial Commonwealth to which we all belong.'  In the 1952 Christmas Message, the sentiment is even more emphatic, as the Queen states:  'I want to ask you all, whatever your religion may be, to pray for me on [Coronation] day - to pray that God may give me wisdom and strength to carry out the solemn promises I shall be making, and that I may faithfully serve Him and you, all the days of my life.'  It is, perhaps, surprising that this is not quoted more often by those wishing to downplay periodic rumours that Elizabeth II intends to abdicate.

 The speech was broadcast live at 1507 GMT which was then the traditional time.

It was reported that the speech was heard by the Duke of Edinburgh, Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother, Queen Mary, Princess Margaret, Prince Charles, Princess Anne, the Duke and Duchess of Kent, Princess Alexandra and Prince Michael.  Prince Philip stayed near the Queen to give her confidence (Seward, The Queen's Speech, 2015), while presumably the other senior royals listened together in another room at Sandringham.

While King George VI had spoken frankly about his health issues in his annual messages in the preceding years, Elizabeth II did not speak much of her personal life and would not make a practice of doing so in subsequent years.

Trivia:  

On a personal note, as Elizabeth II's reign begins, this ten-year project of reviewing retrospectively every Christmas Broadcast of the Queen's reign (with each new Broadcast reviewed as it occurred) is now complete and reviews of all the Broadcasts to date are now available (as of January 2021).  This does not mean that the Blog ends here:  there will hopefully be many new Christmas Broadcasts to review in the years to come and I am now free to post 'on a whim' about matters relating to the Christmas Message!

Full text here

The 1953 Broadcast

 

Location:  Government House, Auckland, New Zealand

Produced by:  BBC (in association with the New Zealand Broadcasting Service)

Theme:

Speaking from Auckland a little over six months after her Coronation, Elizabeth II  reflects on the six-month tour of the Empire and Commonwealth of which she and the Duke of Edinburgh were on the first leg.  Her Majesty speaks of some of the countries they had already seen, including Bermuda, Jamaica, Fiji and Tonga; and mentions some of the places they would later visit, including Australia, Ceylon and beyond to Asia, Africa and the Mediterranean.

The Queen expresses her wish to see as much as possible of the peoples and countries of the Empire-Commonwealth and 'to learn at first hand something of their triumphs and difficulties and something of their hopes and fears.'  Elizabeth II compares and contrasts the first with what some were calling the 'new' Elizabethan age and expresses her hope and optimism regarding the future of the emerging Commonwealth.

The Queen ends by expressing her sadness and sorrow to the people of New Zealand regarding the Tangiwai railway accident which had happened late on Christmas Eve, resulting in the tragic loss of 151 lives.

Commentary: 

1953 marked the first and to date only time that the Royal Christmas Message has been broadcast in its entirety from outside the United Kingdom.  It had been an extremely busy year for the newly-crowned Queen Elizabeth II with the ceremonial funeral of her grandmother Queen Mary, planning for the Coronation and the massive carnival event itself, preparations for the six-month delayed tour of the Empire-Commonwealth and departing for the tour in November.  Now, Elizabeth II was spending Christmas away from home for the first time in the Auckland summer heat, thousands of miles away from the chilly winter breezes of Sandringham.

The Prime Minister of New Zealand had announced exactly a year earlier, on Christmas Day 1952, that the Queen would deliver the 1953 Broadcast from Auckland; but even with a year to plan, the event still presented a risky technical challenge.  A BBC memo hailed an opportunity for 'a spectacular triumph for Commonwealth Communications...opening a new chapter in the tradition of royal Christmas broadcasts (Pimlott, The Queen, 1996) but communications between New Zealand and the western hemisphere were unreliable and there was also the potential for a disaster which could damage both the reputation of Australasian broadcasting and Commonwealth relations (Pimlott, 1996).  

Nevertheless, the BBC decided to go ahead.  The message was transmitted from Auckland to Wellington via Landline then directly by radio telephone via Sidney and, further along the route, Barbados.  As a back-up in case of poor reception, it was also transmitted from a Royal New Zealand Navy transmitter from the short-wave transmitters of the New Zealand Broadcasting Service (Seward, The Queen's Speech, 2015).  In case of disaster, a pre-recording is said to have been made on the Gothic at Fiji and flown to Sidney for transmission to London; although this also carried technical risks (Pimlott, 1996).

The transmission was handled by Himatangi Radio Station and the message was delivered at 9pm  Auckland time, which was 9am in London.  The message was received right on time and took twenty minutes to transmit to London.  Every possible precaution was in place: 'No risk could be taken and nothing was left to chance. Not taking any chance of a fluctuation in hydro power, the four diesel engines of the station’s stand-by plant were brought into operation as the time for the broadcast drew near. They provide more than three times the power required to operate the station for such a broadcast with no risk of fluctuation. The station became a self-contained unit.'

Everything went according to plan and Elizabeth II was heard clearly by her British Subjects twelve thousand miles away (Pimlott, 1996).  The BBC and the General Post Office in London both acknowledged that a good recording of the Broadcast had been made. The Message was later rebroadcast by the BBC at the traditional time of 3pm (Seward, 2015).

As the Broadcast begins, an announcer's voice intones: 'This is New Zealand calling the Commonwealth.  Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth the Second'.  Then a formal, orchestral version of God Save the Queen is played.  The Queen speaks for almost exactly eight minutes of the ten-minute programme before God Save the Queen is played again at the end.

Given the circumstances, it is hardly surprising that the Commonwealth features heavily in Her Majesty's speech.  The term 'Empire-Commonwealth' was still being used in this transitional era, but Elizabeth II was keen to continue her father's work in developing this new association of nations: 'the Commonwealth bears no resemblance to the Empires of the past. It is an entirely new conception, built on the highest qualities of the spirit of man: friendship, loyalty and the desire for freedom and peace.'

What is, perhaps, surprising is the Queen's apparent swipe at her Tudor predecessor and namesake Elizabeth I.  Elizabeth II states:

'Some people have expressed the hope that my reign may mark a new Elizabethan age. Frankly I do not myself feel at all like my great Tudor forebear, who was blessed with neither husband nor children, who ruled as a despot and was never able to leave her native shores.'

The reference to a 'new Elizabethan age' had been used and alluded to many times in Britain after the new Queen's accession, including by Britain's legendary (and in 1953 still serving) prime minister Winston Churchill; but the term was intended to look ahead to a new era of a flourishing of art, culture, exploration and national pride after the grim war years.  Absolutely nobody was comparing the constitutional Sovereign Elizabeth II directly or personally with Elizabeth I, who was an absolute Monarch in line with the rulers of her age.  As for 'despot', Elizabeth I was probably no more tyrannical than any other monarch of her time; in fact, as a highly intelligent, skilled political operator there are good arguments (not for here) for suggesting she was less so.  In these more patriotic times, many Britons with an interest in history were fond of 'Good Queen Bess' who faced down the Spanish Armada.  Ingrid Seward argues that Elizabeth II was making a conscious effort with her words here to appear 'warm and homely' as a wife and mother of the Commonwealth family and her British Subjects:  'She was acknowledging not only the change in her own role, but also that of her country, which was no longer to be seen as a conquering imperial power, but as a much more benevolent force in the world' (Seward, 2015).  As the Queen herself said in her speech, 'I want to show that the Crown is not merely an abstract symbol of our unity but a personal and living bond between you and me.'

 Notes:

Listening to the recording today, it is interesting to note how much more matured and confident Elizabeth II sounds than she had done in her first Broadcast the year before.  Her Majesty had been on the throne almost two years and was clearly growing in the role.  However, her voice still carries somewhat antiquated characteristics - even for the time - of 'marked' received pronunciation and has echoes of the rather grand and regal speaking style of her father and grandfather before her;  perhaps this was expected of a Monarch at the time.  Over time, Elizabeth II would soften her vowels when broadcasting and adopt the more brisk, business-like tone of contemporary BBC announcers.  The beginnings of this change can be detected in the first televised Broadcast of 1957; and ten years later, in 1963, when the Queen delivered a sound-only Broadcast due to pregnancy (as she had done in 1959), her voice seemed to have altered noticeably.

The Queen's comments about the Tangiwai rail disaster, which had happened late on Christmas Eve, were a last-minute addition to the script. 151 of the 285 passengers and crew on board the Wellington to Auckland night express lost their lives when  the Whangaehu River bridge collapsed beneath the train plunging the locomotive and first six carriages into the river.  The tragedy remains New Zealand's worst rail accident and made headlines around the world.  From 1960 onwards, when the Broadcast was pre-recorded, it would not be possible for the Queen to react in her speech to major disasters that happened in the days before Christmas.  In 1988, Elizabeth II had already recorded her Christmas Message when the Lockerbie bombing occurred on 21st December.  On that occasion, a decision was taken to record a brief audio message which was played immediately after the main programme.

It may surprise some, particularly given the fulsome tribute she had paid to her father the previous year, that Elizabeth II makes no reference in her speech to the death and ceremonial funeral of Queen Mary, who had died the previous March.  The Queen's formidable grandmother had been at the heart of the Royal Family through six reigns (beginning with her grandmother-in-law Queen Victoria), two world wars and the Abdication crisis.  Elizabeth II's Christmas speeches were as yet mainly courtier-written and the Queen had paid her public tributes to Queen Mary at the time of her death; beyond that, it was presumably regarded as a family matter.  There would not be another death of a senior member of the royal family (albeit technically a former one) until Diana, Princess of Wales in 1997, when public attitudes were very different and it would have been considered unthinkable for the Queen not to have paid tribute to her former daughter-in-law in her Christmas Message (Her Majesty already having been compelled to make a special broadcast before the funeral).  Five years later, Elizabeth II would refer to the deaths of her mother and sister in her 2002 Christmas Broadcast, both having died earlier in the year.

It was reported that the Queen's Message was introduced by New Zealand mountaineer Sir Edmund Hillary, who had conquered the summit of Mount Everest earlier in the year, with the news reaching Britain on Coronation Day.

Full text here

The 1954 Broadcast

 

Queen Elizabeth II and her family from their 1954 Christmas card

Location:  Sandringham

Produced by: BBC

Theme: 

The Queen reflects on her marathon six-month world tour of the Commonwealth with the Duke of Edinburgh and how the previous Christmas she had been speaking from Auckland, New Zealand.  Her Majesty compares the 'warmth and peacefulness' of the home fireside with the Commonwealth 'hearth' and the 'contrast between its homely security and the storm which sometimes seems to be brewing outside, in the darkness of uncertainty and doubt that envelops the whole world'.

Elizabeth II goes on to praise what would in future years become known as 'unsung heroes' - those who appear to lead dreary, uneventful, sometimes lonely lives but in fact have an important role to play through their 'steadfastness';  in wartime, the realm of scientific discovery and many other areas:

 'And so it is that this Christmas Day I want to send a special message of encouragement and good cheer to those of you whose lot is cast in dull and unenvied surroundings, to those whose names will never be household words, but to whose work and loyalty we owe so much.

May you be proud to remember - as I am myself - how much depends on you and that even when your life seems most monotonous, what you do is always of real value and importance to your fellow men.'

Again referring to Christmas as a family festival, the Queen ends by remembering 'the very special Family' in Bethlehem and the birth of Jesus.

Commentary:

The years 1954-1956 represent the most difficult to research of Elizabeth II's Christmas Messages.  The novelty of the Queen's first speech as Monarch in 1952 and the 1953 Broadcast live from New Zealand were over and Her Majesty was still several years away from embracing the age of television.  Of course, the text survives for each of these speeches and it is known that Elizabeth II delivered them from her Sandringham study as her father and grandfather had done before her;  but other than that these three years (with the possible exception of 1956) remain essentially lost in an historical void, with little of interest remembered about them.  However, in the absence of production values to analyse it is at least possible to study the Queen's actual words.  

Elizabeth II was still only twenty-eight years old and celebrating Christmas once more in the comforting surroundings of Sandringham after the arduous six-month Empire-Commonwealth tour which had lasted from November 1953 to May 1954.  It seems clear that having been separated from her two young children the previous Christmas had affected her.  Elizabeth II alludes to this and speaks of the importance of family: 'there is nothing quite like the family gathering in familiar surroundings, centred on the children whose Festival this truly is, in the traditional atmosphere of love and happiness that springs from the enjoyment of simple well-tried things.'

Elizabeth II would continue to draw attention to 'unsung heroes' in her future Messages: the anonymous, often under-appreciated people who make a vital contribution to life.  In fact, this theme has returned more frequently in recent years. 

Notes:

As with many early royal radio broadcasts, the 1954 Christmas Message was released as a 78 RPM record.  However, as of January 2021 it appears that no copy of the recording has been published online. 

The Royal Christmas Message was itself a consequence of scientific progress and Elizabeth II would show an interest in and refer to various scientific discoveries and advances in many future Messages.  Once the Queen finally agreed to a televised Broadcast in 1957, the annual production would be at the forefront of the latest television and digital technology, such as the move to colour in 1967, broadcasting on the Internet for the first time in 1997 and filming in 3D in 2012.

Full text here 

The 1955 Broadcast

 

Elizabeth II and her family;  1955 Christmas card

Location:  Sandringham

Produced by:  BBC

Theme:

Elizabeth II reflects on the spirit of exploration and 'the adventure into the unknown' of each New Year, within the context of opportunities arising through membership of the Commonwealth.  Having returned from their long six-month tour of the Commonwealth in the spring of the previous year, the Queen acknowledges that she and the Duke of Edinburgh had spent most of 1955 in Britain and speaks of the opportunity they had to visit parts of the United Kingdom they had not seen before. Her Majesty also looks forward to her forthcoming visit to Nigeria.

Commentary:

As with the previous year, there is apparently very little widely available surviving documentation about the 1955 production and, like 1954, there does not even appear to be a publicity photograph to give the Broadcast an individual identity (although this would not become a firmly established practice until the 1970s).  It seems to all intents and purposes to have been a routine but largely unmemorable Christmas Message from Sovereign to peoples; recognised as an annual tradition, but not yet the institution it would become in the television era.

History does record that Elizabeth II delivered the Message from the study at Sandringham House, which had been the usual practice since the days of King George V.  It has also been noted that, in addition to the radio, this was the first time in the United Kingdom that the Message had been broadcast - as sound only - simultaneously on the BBC television service and the new ITV channel, thus avoiding the unconscionable situation where Her Majesty's British Subjects might have found something else to watch or listen to!

What we can do with the 1955 speech is study the Queen's words.  Already we can see that, less than four years into her reign, Elizabeth II views the Christmas Message as an important means of promoting the emerging Commonwealth, just as her grandfather George V saw his annual address as a way of communicating to the wider Empire as well as the British people.  To a greater or lesser degree, the Queen has brought her thoughts on the importance and development of the Commonwealth into most of her Christmas Broadcasts through the years.

It is interesting to observe how filled with optimism and energy the Queen's early broadcasts are, with a keen emphasis on exploration and scientific development (though not at the expense of enduring values).  In later years, Elizabeth II's Messages became much more reflective, drawing on her wisdom and experience.  The speeches have also become more Christian in tone, with Her Majesty often describing her own personal faith (in 1955 there are only the briefest of references to the Christmas themes of 'peace on earth' and 'goodwill to men').

 Notes:

Elizabeth II's first British prime minister, the great wartime leader Winston Churchill, had resigned in the spring of 1955, aged 80 and in far from good health.  The departure of Churchill, who had returned to office in 1951 after several years in Opposition, had been widely expected for some time; but he showed a curious reluctance to leave, coming up with inventive reasons to delay his retirement - often citing the need to stay to guide the young Queen.  Perhaps surprisingly to some, Elizabeth II did not  pay tribute to Churchill in her speech, even through he was widely regarded to have transcended politics and had been close to the House of Windsor, King George VI in particular, during the war years.  This set a precedent where Elizabeth II would not refer to the comings and goings of her prime ministers, in Britain or the Commonwealth, in her Christmas speeches.  Given the controversial nature of some of these over the years, this was perhaps a wise decision.

The Queen quotes from then Poet Laureate John Masefield's The Wanderer in her comments about exploration.  The poem tells of Masefield's love of ships.  Elizabeth II does not mention Masefield by name and refers to him simply as 'our Poet Laureate.'  Given that at more than thirty-six years in the post his tenure would ultimately be second only to Tennyson's, Masefield probably needed no introduction to most listeners.  The Queen quotes two verses of the poem:

"Though you have conquered Earth and charted Sea
And planned the courses of all Stars that be,
Adventure on, more wonders are in Thee.

Adventure on, for from the littlest clue
Has come whatever worth man ever knew;
The next to lighten all men may be you."

 

 Full text here

 

 

The 1956 Broadcast

 

Elizabeth II and her family from their 1956 Christmas card

Location:  Sandringham

Produced by:  BBC

Theme:

Elizabeth II blends three topics into a general theme of 'family':  the Holy Family of Jesus, Mary and Joseph which relates directly to the story of the first Christmas;  the nuclear family, as she recalls her own husband, who had preceded the Broadcast with a message of his own to his wife and children, spending Christmas away from home on an overseas tour;  and the 'family of nations', which is one of the Queen's favourite ways of describing the Commonwealth.  Her Majesty speaks of the importance of 'friendship', 'tolerance' and 'comeradeship'.

Commentary: 

1956 would prove to be the last year of the Royal Christmas Message as primarily a radio broadcast.  It had also proved to be a somewhat testing year in the United Kingdom and for the royal family personally.

The disastrous outcome of Britain's intervention in Suez in the autumn had severely damaged Britain's international prestige and the optimistic afterglow of the Coronation a few years earlier had dimmed considerably.  The attempt by British Prime Minister Anthony Eden, in collaboration with Israeli and French forces to regain Western control of the Suez Canal from Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser, who had recently nationalised it, was politically controversial and had divided opinion in Britain, the Commonwealth and even the Royal Household (Pimlott, The Queen, 1996).  It was rumoured that the Queen herself had privately expressed reservations about the military exercise (Pimlott, 1996).  By Christmas, it was clear that the campaign had been a humiliating failure and, given the divisions in the Commonwealth, Elizabeth II had a tricky balancing act to perform in her speech.

Complicating matters further had been the decision that the Duke of Edinburgh should embark on an extended solo world tour, meaning that he would spend Christmas away from his wife and would be separated from his two young children for the second Christmas in four years.  This sparked rumours of a rift in the royal marriage which Buckingham Palace, some thought unwisely, was quick to deny (Seward, The Queen's Speech, 2015).

The solution was that Elizabeth II avoided the subject of Suez entirely while sticking to optimistic, unifying themes about the Commonwealth in an attempt to heal the growing divisions.  This was blended with a clear show of 'Happy Families' with the Duke of Edinburgh.  In an unprecedented move, Elizabeth II's Broadcast was introduced by Prince Philip speaking live from the Royal yacht Britannia.  During his message, the Prince speaks personally to his family:  'I hope all of you at Sandringham are enjoying a very happy Christmas and I hope you, the children, are having a lot of fun.  I'm sorry I'm not with you, but it is nice to think of you doing usual things in familiar surroundings.'  In turn, the Queen is gushing in praise and admiration for her husband:  '...of all the voices we have heard this afternoon none has given my children and myself greater joy than that of my husband.  To him I say: "From all the members of the family gathered here today our very best good wishes go out to you and to every one on board Britannia, as you voyage together in the far Southern seas. Happy Christmas from us all."'

 

Perhaps because of the turbulent nature of the year, Elizabeth II came in for unusual criticism after the 1956 Broadcast in the press.  Some described her speech as 'unreal' and filled with 'ponderous platitudes' while others complained that it painted a false picture of the Commonwealth as 'one big British happy family.'  Others compared the speech with that of Queen Juliana of the Netherlands, who had used the opportunity of her 1956 Christmas message to issue a tirade against those who had attacked her and her husband.  Such an outburst, while undoubtably entertaining, would have been considered unthinkable from a British monarch.  In fact, most of this criticism of Elizabeth II seems opportunistic and unfair.  What exactly did these people expect from a politically neutral constitutional monarch?  True, the Queen had always had a tendency to gloss over divisions in Britain and the Commonwealth, precisely because she sees herself as a unifying force.  Throughout her reign Elizabeth II would continue to stick with non-controversial topics in her Christmas Messages and her continued popularity would be in no small part due to the fact that nobody really knows what she thinks.

Perhaps a more pressing criticism at the end of 1956 was that Elizabeth II was considered by many to be dragging her feet on the issue of a televised Broadcast.  The television age had begun in earnest some years earlier and although the Christmas Message was broadcast live, sound only, on television channels, people were increasingly expecting to see Her Majesty 'in vision'.  This was the fifth Christmas Broadcast of Elizabeth II's reign;  audience figures were slipping alarmingly and there was a genuine fear that the novelty of the annual radio message was starting to wear off (Pimlott, 1996).  As King George V had embraced the radio age, it was now time for Elizabeth II to welcome the television age.  By the spring of the following year the decision had been made and preparations were already underway for what would become the famous Broadcast of 1957, which would breathe new life into the festive tradition.

Notes:

Although from 1957 the Christmas Broadcast would be consided a predominently television affair, a radio verson is still recorded to this day.

Anthony Eden would resign as prime minister on 7th January, 1957, officially due to health concerns but heavily influenced by his loss of reputation after the Suez debacle.  Eden's disastrous policy is generally regarded to have been largely motivated by an obsessive hatred of Nasser.

Unusually, Elizabeth II wishes listeners a Happy New Year at the end of her Message

Full text here

 

Ten Years of Blogging!

 

Incredibly, it is ten years ago today since I began this little project with my first post, a review of the (then most recent) 2010 Christmas Broadcast.  To mark the event, I am making this special post, which for the first time ever is not a review of one of Queen Elizabeth II's many Christmas messages.

While I have modified and embellished several of my earliest posts over the years, the 2010 review still seems curiously untouched;  just a few, short self-conscious paragraphs together with an accompanying publicity photograph of Her Majesty at Hampton Court Palace.  I think I like it that way!

When I began this blog, the Queen's Christmas Message was regarded by most simply as something that was;  an annual tradition, loved and cherished by millions, largely unchanging and come 3.15pm on Christmas Day afternoon over for another year.  It had only been a couple of years or so earlier, with the fiftieth anniversary of the landmark 1957 Broadcast, that the media started to show more interest in the history of the programme:  how the technology and Elizabeth II's appearance had changed over the years, how the tone of Her Majesty's words had changed and what had remained constant.  There has even been at least one book written on the subject, Ingrid Seward's The Queen's Speech in 2015, although this seems to use Elizabeth II's Christmas messages more as a framework for a potted chronology of her reign than present a history of the productions themselves.

Over the past decade I have become more knowledgeable, observant and confident about my subject matter.  My posts have become progressively longer and more elaborate, to the extent that I wrote twice as much about 1969, a year when there was no Broadcast, than I did about the 2010 production in my first review!  Only here can you find out fascinating minor details such as how Her Majesty began wearing spectacles to read her Christmas messages in 1991, then suddenly stopped again in 2017!  Or that a Christmas tree did not appear in-vision in a Broadcast until as late as 1987.

This blog has never yet 'taken off' as such, but I have not been particularly keen to publicise it significantly until I have an up-to-date chronology of every Christmas Broadcast of Elizabeth II's reign.  At the time of writing, I have only a small handful of the Queen's earliest speeches left to review.  It has taken ten years to get to this point!  I have updated this blog when time, energy and inspiration allowed.  It seems that 2016 and 2017 were the years I made hay while the sun shone, whereas grim years such as 2020 have been far less productive.

Over the last ten years I have had visitors from as far afield as the United States, Canada, Mexico and the United Arab Emirates.  There has been internet 'traffic' from most European countries at some point.  To all those who visited, I am grateful and I hope you found something of interest.  Most visits tend to come during December, but I do realise that this is a kind of 'pop-up shop' of blogs, with an optimum period when people are likely to call!

After I complete my final historical review (which will be of the 1952 Broadcast, Elizabeth II's first as Queen), I will have to decide how I develop this blog from there.  Until then, I might just take a small amount of pride in my little achievement!